repair type check on master: add format_trace_id_128 to types

[p-datadog]

What does this PR do?

Makes type checking pass on master by adding format_trace_id_128 to types

Motivation:

Red CI on master

Change log entry
None: I added the change log entry to #4499 which would also cover the changes in this PR

Additional Notes:

The issue was the combination of #4499 and #4528 - the first PR enabled type checking of correlation.rb and the second one added a method but not a type signature when type checking ignored the file.

How to test the change?
Existing CI

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 97.77%. Comparing base (e239a85) to head (b91e0ad).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4545      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.77%   97.77%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1392     1392              
  Lines       84981    84980       -1     
  Branches     4287     4287              
==========================================
- Hits        83092    83087       -5     
- Misses       1889     1893       +4     

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[datadog-datadog-prod-us1]

Datadog Report

Branch report: fix-type-check
Commit report: b91e0ad
Test service: dd-trace-rb

✅ 0 Failed, 20786 Passed, 1373 Skipped, 3m 14.29s Total Time

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2025-03-30 06:23:56

Comparing candidate commit b91e0ad in PR branch fix-type-check with baseline commit e239a85 in branch master.

Found 1 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 30 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.

scenario:profiler - hold / resume

• 🟩 throughput [+122998.249op/s; +124461.676op/s] or [+7.789%; +7.881%]