Provide Ruby AddressSanitizer ("asan") images

[ivoanjo]

Currently, to test our code with the AddressSanitizer aka "asan" we need to use GHA and the upstream setup-ruby asan image.

Would be great if we had our own image with asan support, making it easy to test for issues locally, as well as to not tie ourselves to GHA specifically for this test.

Some relevant links as well:

• PR on our side to add asan testing
• Docs for setting up Ruby asan
• KJ's presentation on setting up Ruby asan
• Build script used by setup-ruby