diff --git a/render/fragment.js b/render/fragment.js
index 3ee22f5b7..a3b217a26 100644
--- a/render/fragment.js
+++ b/render/fragment.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ var hyperscriptVnode = require("./hyperscriptVnode")
 module.exports = function(attrs, ...children) {
 	var vnode = hyperscriptVnode(attrs, children)
 
+	if (vnode.attrs == null) vnode.attrs = {}
 	vnode.tag = "["
 	vnode.children = Vnode.normalizeChildren(vnode.children)
 	return vnode
diff --git a/render/hyperscript.js b/render/hyperscript.js
index 7429faf54..7844ae743 100644
--- a/render/hyperscript.js
+++ b/render/hyperscript.js
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ function hyperscript(selector, attrs, ...children) {
 		if (selector !== "[") return execSelector(selectorCache[selector] || compileSelector(selector), vnode)
 	}
 
+	if (vnode.attrs == null) vnode.attrs = {}
 	vnode.tag = selector
 	return vnode
 }
diff --git a/render/tests/test-fragment.js b/render/tests/test-fragment.js
index cea868c0d..b67f566bc 100644
--- a/render/tests/test-fragment.js
+++ b/render/tests/test-fragment.js
@@ -44,50 +44,59 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles string single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment(["a"])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("a")
 			})
 			o("handles falsy string single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([""])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("")
 			})
 			o("handles number single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([1])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("1")
 			})
 			o("handles falsy number single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([0])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("0")
 			})
 			o("handles boolean single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([true])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles falsy boolean single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([false])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles null single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([null])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0]).equals(null)
 			})
 			o("handles undefined single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([undefined])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles multiple string children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment(["", "a"])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("")
 				o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("#")
@@ -96,6 +105,7 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles multiple number children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([0, 1])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("0")
 				o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("#")
@@ -104,16 +114,19 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles multiple boolean children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([false, true])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null, null])
 			})
 			o("handles multiple null/undefined child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment([null, undefined])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null, null])
 			})
 			o("handles falsy number single child without attrs", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment(0)
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("0")
 			})
@@ -122,50 +135,59 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles string single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, ["a"])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("a")
 			})
 			o("handles falsy string single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [""])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("")
 			})
 			o("handles number single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [1])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("1")
 			})
 			o("handles falsy number single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [0])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("0")
 			})
 			o("handles boolean single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [true])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles falsy boolean single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [false])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles null single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [null])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles undefined single child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [undefined])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null])
 			})
 			o("handles multiple string children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, ["", "a"])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("")
 				o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("#")
@@ -174,6 +196,7 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles multiple number children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [0, 1])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("#")
 				o(vnode.children[0].children).equals("0")
 				o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("#")
@@ -182,11 +205,13 @@ function runTest(name, fragment) {
 			o("handles multiple boolean children", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [false, true])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null, null])
 			})
 			o("handles multiple null/undefined child", function() {
 				var vnode = fragment({}, [null, undefined])
 
+				o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
 				o(vnode.children).deepEquals([null, null])
 			})
 		})
diff --git a/render/tests/test-hyperscript.js b/render/tests/test-hyperscript.js
index ed918fe1e..9577bdfac 100644
--- a/render/tests/test-hyperscript.js
+++ b/render/tests/test-hyperscript.js
@@ -568,6 +568,26 @@ o.spec("hyperscript", function() {
 			o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("i")
 			o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("s")
 		})
+		o("handles children without attr (fragment)", function() {
+			var vnode = m("[", [m("i"), m("s")])
+
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("i")
+			o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("s")
+		})
+		o("handles child without attr unwrapped (fragment)", function() {
+			var vnode = m("[", m("i"))
+
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("i")
+		})
+		o("handles children without attr unwrapped (fragment)", function() {
+			var vnode = m("[", m("i"), m("s"))
+
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children[0].tag).equals("i")
+			o(vnode.children[1].tag).equals("s")
+		})
 		o("handles shared attrs", function() {
 			var attrs = {a: "b"}
 
@@ -664,5 +684,41 @@ o.spec("hyperscript", function() {
 			o(vnode.children.length).equals(1)
 			o(vnode.children[0]).equals("b")
 		})
+		o("works with POJOs (without attrs)", function() {
+			var component = {
+				view: function() {}
+			}
+			var vnode = m(component, "b")
+
+			o(vnode.tag).equals(component)
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children.length).equals(1)
+			o(vnode.children[0]).equals("b")
+		})
+		o("works with constructibles (without attrs)", function() {
+			var component = o.spy()
+			component.prototype.view = function() {}
+
+			var vnode = m(component, "b")
+
+			o(component.callCount).equals(0)
+
+			o(vnode.tag).equals(component)
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children.length).equals(1)
+			o(vnode.children[0]).equals("b")
+		})
+		o("works with closures (without attrs)", function () {
+			var component = o.spy()
+
+			var vnode = m(component, "b")
+
+			o(component.callCount).equals(0)
+
+			o(vnode.tag).equals(component)
+			o(vnode.attrs).deepEquals({})
+			o(vnode.children.length).equals(1)
+			o(vnode.children[0]).equals("b")
+		})
 	})
 })