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| 1 | +<TMU|<tuple|1.1.0|2025.1.3-rc2>> |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +<style|<tuple|tmdoc|number-europe|british>> |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +<\body> |
| 6 | + <tmdoc-title|Notes for users of Cyrillic languages><label|sec-man-russian> |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | + In order to type Russian (and similarly for other Cyrillic languages) text, you have several options: |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | + <\itemize> |
| 11 | + <item>Select Russian as your default language in <menu|Edit|Preferences|Language|Russian>. If \ <TeXmacs> starts with Russian menus, then this is done automatically if the Russian locale is set. |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | + <item>Select Russian for an entire document using <menu|Document|Language|Russian>. |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | + <item>Select Russian for a portion of text in another document using <menu|Format|Language|Russian>. |
| 16 | + </itemize> |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | + If your X server uses the <name|Xkb> extension, and is instructed to switch between the Latin and Russian keyboard modes, you need not do anything special. Just switch your keyboard to the Russian mode, and go ahead. All the software needed for this is included in modern Linux distributions, and the <name|Xkb> extension is enabled by default in <verbatim|XF86Config>. With the <name|Xkb> extension, keysyms are 2-byte, and Russian letters are at 0x6??. The keyboard is configured by <verbatim|setxkbmap>. When X starts, it issues this command with the system-wide <verbatim|Xkbmap> file (usually living in <verbatim|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and then with the user's <verbatim|~/.Xkbmap>, if it exists. A typical <verbatim|~/.Xkbmap> may look like |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | + <verbatim| \ \ \ ru basic grp:shift_toggle> |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | + This means that the keyboard mode is toggled by <render-key|l-shift r-shift>. Other popular choices are <prefix|C-S-> or <prefix|A-C->, see <verbatim|/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/> for more details. This is the preferred keyboard setup for modern Linux systems, if you plan to use Russian often. |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | + In older Linux systems, the <name|Xkb> extension is often disabled. Keysyms are 1-byte, and are configured by <verbatim|xmodmap>. When X starts, it issues this command with the system-wide <verbatim|Xmodmap> (usually living in <verbatim|/etc/X11/xinit>), if it exists; and then with the user's <verbatim|~/.Xmodmap>, if it exists. You can configure the mode toggling key combination, and use a 1-byte Russian encoding (such as koi8-r) in the Russian mode. It is easier to download the package <verbatim|xruskb>, and just run |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | + <verbatim| \ \ \ xrus jcuken-koi8> |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | + at the beginning of your X session. This sets the layout <verbatim|jcuken> (see below) and the encoding koi8-r for your keyboard in the Russian mode. If you use such keyboard setup, you should select Options <math|\<rightarrow\>> international keyboard <math|\<rightarrow\>> russian <math|\<rightarrow\>> koi8-r. |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | + It is also possible to use the Windows <verbatim|cp1251> encoding instead of <verbatim|koi8-r>, though this is rarely done in UNIX. If you do use <verbatim|xrus jcuken-cp1251>, select <verbatim|cp1251> instead of <verbatim|koi8-r>. |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | + All the methods described above require some special actions to “russify” the keyboard. This is not difficult, see the Cyrillic-HOWTO or, better, its updated version |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | + <verbatim|http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian/Cyrillic-HOWTO-russian.html> |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | + Also, all of the above methods globally affect all X applications: text editors (<name|Emacs>, <name|Nedit>, <name|Kedit>...), xterms, <TeXmacs> etc. |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | + If you need to type Russian only once, or very rarely, a proper keyboard setup may be more trouble than it's worth. For the benefit of such occasional users, <TeXmacs> has methods of Russian input which require no preliminary work. Naturally, such methods affect only <TeXmacs>, and no other application. |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | + The simplest way to type some Russian on the standard US-style keyboard with no software setup is to select <menu|Edit|Preferences|Keyboard|Cyrillic input method|translit>. Then, typing a Latin letter will produce “the most similar” Russian one. In order to get some Russian letters, you have to type 2- or 3-letter combinations:<vspace|0.5fn> |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | + <big-table|<descriptive-table|<tformat|<cwith|2|11|1|1|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|2|2|cell-halign|c>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|l>|<cwith|2|11|4|4|cell-halign|c>|<table|<row|<cell|Shorthand>|<cell|for>|<cell|Shorthand(s)>|<cell|for>>|<row|<cell|<key|text " e>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ё>>|<cell|<key|accent:umlaut E>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ё>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y o>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ё>>|<cell|<key|Y o> <key|Y O>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ё>>>|<row|<cell|<key|z h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ж>>|<cell|<key|Z h> <key|Z H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ж>>>|<row|<cell|<key|j var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ж>>|<cell|<key|J var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ж>>>|<row|<cell|<key|c h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ч>>|<cell|<key|C h> <key|C H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ч>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ш>>|<cell|<key|S h> <key|S H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ш>>>|<row|<cell|<key|s c h>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|щ>>|<cell|<key|S c h> <key|S C H>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Щ>>>|<row|<cell|<key|e var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|э>>|<cell|<key|E var>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Э>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y u>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ю>>|<cell|<key|Y u> <key|Y U>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Ю>>>|<row|<cell|<key|y a>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|я>>|<cell|<key|Y a> <key|Y A>>|<cell|<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|Я>>>>>>|Typing Cyrillic text on a Roman keyboard.> |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | + If you want to get, e.g., “<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|сх>”, and not “<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|ш>”, you have to type <key|s / h>. Of course, the choice of “optimal” mapping of Latin letters to Russian ones in not unique. You can investigate the mapping supplied with <TeXmacs> and, if you don't like something, override it in your <verbatim|~/.TeXmacs/progs/my-init-texmacs.scm>. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | + If you select <verbatim|jcuken> instead of <verbatim|translit>, you get the “official” Russian typewriter layout. It is so called because the keys “qwerty” produce “<with|language|russian|<with|font|cyrillic|йцукен>”>. This input method is most useful when you have a Russian-made keyboard, which has additional Russian letters written on the key caps in red, in the <verbatim|jcuken> layout (a similar effect can be achieved by attaching transparent stickers with red Russian letters to caps of a US-style keyboard). It is also useful if you are an experienced Russian typist, and your fingers remember this layout. |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | + Those who have no Russian letters indicated at the key caps often prefer the yawerty layout, where the keys “qwerty” produce “<with|language|russian|font|cyrillic|яверты”>. Each Latin letter is mapped into a “similar” Russian one; some additional Russian letters are produced by <prefix|S->-digits. <TeXmacs> comes with a slightly modified yawerty layout, because it does not redefine the keys <key|$>, <render-key|£>, <key|\\>, which are important for <TeXmacs>, are not redefined. The corresponding Russian letters are produced by some <prefix|S->-digit combinations instead. |
| 49 | +</body> |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +<\initial> |
| 52 | + <\collection> |
| 53 | + <associate|page-medium|paper> |
| 54 | + <associate|page-screen-margin|false> |
| 55 | + </collection> |
| 56 | +</initial> |
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