diff --git a/nbconvert/exporters/html.py b/nbconvert/exporters/html.py
index d63699c0d..bbb7c57f0 100644
--- a/nbconvert/exporters/html.py
+++ b/nbconvert/exporters/html.py
@@ -151,6 +151,10 @@ class HTMLExporter(TemplateExporter):
         "*", help="Semver range for Jupyter widgets HTML manager"
     ).tag(config=True)
 
+    postprocess_html = Bool(False, help="Add interactive elements and missing alt text.").tag(
+        config=True
+    )
+
     @default("file_extension")
     def _file_extension_default(self):
         return ".html"
@@ -265,7 +269,15 @@ def from_notebook_node(  # type:ignore[explicit-override, override]
 
         self.register_filter("highlight_code", highlight_code)
         self.register_filter("filter_data_type", filter_data_type)
+
         html, resources = super().from_notebook_node(nb, resources, **kw)
+        if self.postprocess_html:
+            html, resources = self.postprocess(html, resources)
+
+        return html, resources
+
+    def postprocess(self, html, resources):
+        """Use beautifulsoup to make notebooks interactive and replace missing alt text"""
         soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features="html.parser")
         # Add image's alternative text
         missing_alt = 0
diff --git a/share/templates/lab/base.html.j2 b/share/templates/lab/base.html.j2
index cebe84104..d776212af 100644
--- a/share/templates/lab/base.html.j2
+++ b/share/templates/lab/base.html.j2
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 {% from 'celltags.j2' import celltags %}
 {% from 'cell_id_anchor.j2' import cell_id_anchor %}
 
+{%- block body_loop -%}
+<div class="jp-Notebook jp-NotebookPanel-notebook" role="list" aria-label="Notebook Cells">
+{{super()}}
+</div>
+{%- endblock body_loop -%}
+
 {% block codecell %}
 {%- if not cell.outputs -%}
 {%- set no_output_class="jp-mod-noOutputs" -%}
@@ -9,7 +15,9 @@
 {%- if not resources.global_content_filter.include_input -%}
 {%- set no_input_class="jp-mod-noInput" -%}
 {%- endif -%}
-<div {{ cell_id_anchor(cell) }} class="jp-Cell jp-CodeCell jp-Notebook-cell {{ no_output_class }} {{ no_input_class }} {{ celltags(cell) }}">
+<div id="{{loop.index}}" role="listitem" class="jp-Cell jp-CodeCell jp-Notebook-cell {{ no_output_class }} {{ no_input_class }} {{ celltags(cell) }}" aria-labelledby="jp-cellNumber-{{loop.index}} jp-cellType-{{loop.index}}">
+<div class="jp-cellType" id="jp-cellType-{{loop.index}}" hidden>Code</div>
+{# the kernel name could also be the label here.  #}
 {{ super() }}
 </div>
 {%- endblock codecell %}
@@ -18,7 +26,7 @@
 <div class="jp-Cell-inputWrapper">
 <div class="jp-Collapser jp-InputCollapser jp-Cell-inputCollapser">
 </div>
-<div class="jp-InputArea jp-Cell-inputArea">
+<div class="jp-InputArea jp-Cell-inputArea" role="group" aria-label="cell input">
 {{ super() }}
 </div>
 </div>
@@ -41,18 +49,23 @@
 {% endblock output_group %}
 
 {% block outputs %}
-<div class="jp-OutputArea jp-Cell-outputArea">
+<div class="jp-OutputArea jp-Cell-outputArea" role="group" aria-label="cell outputs">
 {{ super() }}
 </div>
 {% endblock outputs %}
 
 {% block in_prompt -%}
-<div class="jp-InputPrompt jp-InputArea-prompt">
-    {%- if cell.execution_count is defined -%}
-        In&nbsp;[{{ cell.execution_count|replace(None, "&nbsp;") }}]:
-    {%- else -%}
-        In&nbsp;[&nbsp;]:
-    {%- endif -%}
+<div class="jp-InputPrompt-Group jp-InputPrompt jp-InputArea-prompt">
+    <a href="{{loop.index}}" id="jp-cellNumber-{{loop.index}}" class="jp-CellNumber visually-hidden" aria-describedby="jp-cellType-{{loop.index}} jp-executionCount-{{loop.index}}">Cell {{loop.index}}</a>
+    <span id="jp-executionCount-{{loop.index}}">
+            {%- if cell.execution_count is defined and cell.execution_count != None -%}
+            In<span aria-hidden="true">[</span>{{ cell.execution_count|replace(None, "&nbsp;") }}<span
+                aria-hidden="true">]:</span>
+            {%- else -%}
+            In<span aria-hidden="true">[</span>&nbsp;<span class="visually-hidden">unexecuted</span><span
+                aria-hidden="true">]:</span>
+            {%- endif -%}
+    </span>
 </div>
 {%- endblock in_prompt %}
 
@@ -72,9 +85,9 @@
     <div class="jp-OutputPrompt jp-OutputArea-prompt">
 {%- if output.output_type == 'execute_result' -%}
     {%- if cell.execution_count is defined -%}
-        Out[{{ cell.execution_count|replace(None, "&nbsp;") }}]:
+        Out<span aria-hidden="true">[</span>{{ cell.execution_count|replace(None, "&nbsp;") }}<span aria-hidden="true">]:</span>
     {%- else -%}
-        Out[&nbsp;]:
+        Out<span aria-hidden="true">[</span>&nbsp;<span class="visually-hidden">unexecuted</span><span aria-hidden="true">]:</span>
     {%- endif -%}
 {%- endif -%}
     </div>
@@ -90,12 +103,17 @@
     {{ self.output_area_prompt() }}
 {% endif %}
 {{ super() }}
+{% if not cell.outputs %}
+<span class="visually-hidden">Zero outputs displayed.</span>
+{% endif %}
 </div>
 {% endblock output %}
 
 {% block markdowncell scoped %}
-<div {{ cell_id_anchor(cell) }} class="jp-Cell jp-MarkdownCell jp-Notebook-cell">
+<div id="{{loop.index}}" class="jp-Cell jp-MarkdownCell jp-Notebook-cell" role="listitem" aria-labelledby="jp-cellNumber-{{loop.index}} jp-cellType-{{loop.index}}">
+<div class="jp-cellType" id="jp-cellType-{{loop.index}}" hidden>Markdown</div>
 <div class="jp-Cell-inputWrapper">
+<a href="{{loop.index}}" class="jp-cellNumber visually-hidden" id="jp-cellNumber-{{loop.index}}" aria-describedby="jp-cellType-{{loop.index}}">Cell {{loop.index}}</a>
 <div class="jp-Collapser jp-InputCollapser jp-Cell-inputCollapser">
 </div>
 <div class="jp-InputArea jp-Cell-inputArea">
diff --git a/share/templates/lab/index.html.j2 b/share/templates/lab/index.html.j2
index ad184ca7c..a5f3dea4c 100644
--- a/share/templates/lab/index.html.j2
+++ b/share/templates/lab/index.html.j2
@@ -100,6 +100,30 @@ a.anchor-link {
     display: block;
   }
 }
+
+{# this fails SC 2.4.7 https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/focus-visible.html
+because the focus wont be visible when the cell is active.
+the commented selector would allow visible focus if chosen. #}
+/**.visually-hidden:not(:focus):not(:active),**/
+.visually-hidden {
+    clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
+    clip-path: inset(50%);
+    height: 1px;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    position: absolute;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    width: 1px;
+}
+
+:root {
+  --nb-focus-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.jp-Cell:focus-within,
+:focus-visible {
+    outline: max(var(--nb-focus-width), 1px) solid;
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 calc(2 * max(var(--nb-focus-width), 1px));
+}
 </style>
 
 {% endblock notebook_css %}