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If presented with a choice between two or more licenses, use the disjunctive binary "OR" operator to construct a new license expression, where both the left and right operands are valid license expression values.
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If required to simultaneously comply with two or more licenses, use the conjunctive binary "AND" operator to construct a new license expression, where both the left and right operands are a valid license expression values.
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Sometimes a set of license terms apply except under special circumstances. In this case, use the binary "WITH" operator to construct a new license expression to represent the special exception situation. A valid `<license-expression>` is where the left operand is a `<simple-expression>` value and the right operand is a `<license-exception-id>` that represents the special exception terms.
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The current set of valid exceptions can be found in Annex [A.2](SPDX-license-list.md#A.2). For the most up to date set of exceptions please see [spdx.org/licenses](https://spdx.org/licenses). If the applicable exception is not found on the SPDX License Exception List, then use a single `<license-ref>` to represent the entire license terms (including the exception).
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### D.4.5 Order of Precedence and Parentheses <aname="D.4.5"></a>
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### D.4.5 Order of precedence and parentheses <aname="D.4.5"></a>
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The order of application of the operators in an expression matters (similar to mathematical operators). The default operator order of precedence of a `<license-expression>` a is:
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states the OR operator should be applied before the AND operator. That is, one should first select between the LGPL-2.1-or-later or the BSD-3-Clause license before applying the MIT license.
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### D.4.6 License Expressions in RDF <aname="D.4.6"></a>
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### D.4.6 License expressions in RDF <aname="D.4.6"></a>
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A conjunctive license can be expressed in RDF via a `<spdx:ConjunctiveLicenseSet>` element, with an spdx:member property for each element in the conjunctive license. Two or more members are required.
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# Annex A SPDX License List (Informative)
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# Annex A SPDX license List (Informative)
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The SPDX License List is a list of commonly found licenses and exceptions used for open source and other collaborative software. The purpose of the SPDX License List is to enable easy and efficient identification of such licenses and exceptions in an SPDX document (or elsewhere). The SPDX License List includes a standardized short identifier, full name for each license, vetted license text, other basic information, and a canonical permanent URL for each license and exception. By providing a short identifier, users can efficiently refer to a license without having to redundantly reproduce the full license. License exceptions can be used with the License Expression Syntax operator, "WITH" to create a license with an exception.
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The following table contains the full names and short identifiers for the SPDX License List, v3.8 which was released 2020-02-09. For the full and most up-to-date version of the SPDX License List as well as other related information, please see [http://spdx.org/licenses/](http://spdx.org/licenses/)
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## A.1 Licenses with Short Identifiers <aname="A.1"></a>
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## A.1 Licenses with short identifiers <aname="A.1"></a>
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The OSI column in Table A.1 refers to Open Source Initiative licenses [see Reference 2].
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| Zope Public License 2.0 |[ZPL-2.0](https://spdx.org/licenses/ZPL-2.0.html)| Y |
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| Zope Public License 2.1 |[ZPL-2.1](https://spdx.org/licenses/ZPL-2.1.html)||
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## A.2 Exceptions List <aname="A.2"></a>
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## A.2 Exceptions list <aname="A.2"></a>
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**Table A.2 — Exception names and license links**
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| Universal FOSS Exception, Version 1.0 |[Universal-FOSS-exception-1.0](https://spdx.org/licenses/Universal-FOSS-exception-1.0.html)|
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See [Clause 10](other-licensing-information-detected.md) for details of the fields in this kind of section.
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### 5.2.6 Relationships Between SPDX Elements section <aname="5.2.6"></a>
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### 5.2.6 Relationships between SPDX elements information section <aname="5.2.6"></a>
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Packages, files, and snippets are all considered to be SPDX Elements, and relationships can be made explicit between these SPDX elements by using the fields in this section.
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Cardinality: Optional, one or many.
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See [Clause 11](relationships-between-SPDX-elements.md) for details of the fields in this kind of section.
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### 5.2.7 Annotations section <aname="5.2.7"></a>
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### 5.2.7 Annotations information section <aname="5.2.7"></a>
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Annotations permit the addition of information to validate and clarify ambiguous SPDX Elements (Packages, Files or Snippets).
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# Annex B License Matching Guidelines and Templates (Informative)
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# Annex B License matching guidelines and templates (Informative)
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## B.1 SPDX License List Matching Guidelines <aname="B.1"></a>
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## B.1 SPDX license list matching guidelines <aname="B.1"></a>
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The [SPDX License List Matching Guidelines](https://spdx.org/spdx-license-list/matching-guidelines) provide guidelines to be used for the purposes of matching licenses and license exceptions against those included on the SPDX License List. There is no intent here to make a judgment or interpretation, but merely to ensure that when one SPDX user identifies a license as "BSD-3-Clause," for example, it is indeed the same license as what someone else identifies as "BSD-3-Clause" and the same license as what is listed on the SPDX License List. Examples of how to apply some of the matching guidelines to a license or exception are provided via templates. Templates are comprised of technical markup within the master license text file to provide further or specific guidance to SPDX document creators or tool makers. Not all licenses or exceptions will have templates.
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## B.2 How These Guidelines Are Applied <aname="B.2"></a>
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## B.2 How these guidelines are applied <aname="B.2"></a>
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### B.2.1 Purpose <aname="B.2.1"></a>
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To ensure consistent results by different SPDX document creators when matching license information that will be included in the License Information in File field. SPDX document creators or tools may match on the license or exception text itself, the official license header, or the SPDX License List short identifier.
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### B.2.2 Guideline: Official License Headers <aname="B.2.2"></a>
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### B.2.2 Guideline: official license headers <aname="B.2.2"></a>
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The same matching guidelines used for license and exception text apply to the official license headers. Where applicable, an official license header template file with markup is included with the SPDX License List. Official license headers are defined by the SPDX License List as specific text specified within the license itself to be put in the header of files. (see https://spdx.org/spdx-license-list/license-list-overview for more info).
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## B.3 Substantive Text <aname="B.3"></a>
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## B.3 Substantive text <aname="B.3"></a>
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### B.3.1 Purpose <aname="B.3.1"></a>
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To ensure that when matching licenses and exceptions to the SPDX License List, there is an appropriate balance between matching against the substantive text and disregarding parts of the text that do not alter the substantive text. Further guidelines of what can be disregarded or considered replaceable for purposes of matching are listed below here and in the subsequent specific guidelines. A conservative approach is taken in regard to rules about disregarded or replaceable text.
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### B.3.2 Guideline: Verbatim Text <aname="B.3.2"></a>
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### B.3.2 Guideline: verbatim text <aname="B.3.2"></a>
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License and exception text should be the same verbatim text (except for the guidelines stated here). The text should be in the same order, e.g., differently ordered paragraphs would not be considered a match.
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### B.3.3 Guideline: No Additional Text <aname="B.3.3"></a>
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### B.3.3 Guideline: no additional text <aname="B.3.3"></a>
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Matched text should only include that found in the vetted license or exception text. Where a license or exception found includes additional text or clauses, this should not be considered a match.
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### B.3.4 Guideline: Replaceable Text <aname="B.3.4"></a>
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### B.3.4 Guideline: replaceable text <aname="B.3.4"></a>
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Some licenses include text that refers to the specific copyright holder or author, yet the rest of the license is exactly the same as a generic version. The intent here is to avoid the inclusion of a specific name in one part of the license resulting in a non-match where the license is otherwise an exact match (e.g., the third clause and disclaimer in the BSD licenses, or the third, fourth, and fifth clauses of Apache-1.1). In these cases, there should be a positive license match.
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Text that can be considered replaceable for matching purposes is indicated in the SPDX License List template with mark-up and in the corresponding HTML pages with colored text. The text indicated as such can be replaced with similar values (e.g., a different name or generic term; different date) and still be considered a positive match. This rule also applies to text-matching in official license headers (see Guideline #1).
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### B.3.5 Guideline: Omittable Text <aname="B.3.5"></a>
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### B.3.5 Guideline: omittable text <aname="B.3.5"></a>
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Some licenses have text that can simply be ignored. The intent here is to avoid the inclusion of certain text that is superfluous or irrelevant in regards to the substantive license text resulting in a non-match where the license is otherwise an exact match (e.g., directions on how to apply the license or other similar non-substantive exhibits). In these cases, there should be a positive license match.
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Because punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence, punctuation needs to be included in the matching process. License template files do not include markup for this guideline.
Any hyphen, dash, en dash, em dash, or other variation should be considered equivalent.
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Any kind of code comment indicator or prefix which occurs at the beginning of each line in a matchable section should be ignored for matching purposes. Templates do not include markup for this guideline.
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## B.8 Bullets and Numbering <aname="B.8"></a>
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## B.8 Bullets and numbering <aname="B.8"></a>
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### B.8.1 Purpose <aname="B.8.1"></a>
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Where a line starts with a bullet, number, letter, or some form of a list item (determined where list item is followed by a space, then the text of the sentence), ignore the list item for matching purposes. Templates do not include markup for this guideline.
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## B.9 Varietal Word Spelling <aname="B.9"></a>
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## B.9 Varietal word spelling <aname="B.9"></a>
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### B.9.1 Purpose <aname="B.9.1"></a>
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The words in each line of the text file available at <https://spdx.org/licenses/equivalentwords.txt> are considered equivalent and interchangeable. Templates do not include markup for this guideline.
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Ignore copyright notices. A copyright notice consists of the following elements, for example: "2012 Copyright, John Doe. All rights reserved." or "(c) 2012 John Doe." Templates may or may not include markup for this guideline.
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## B.12 License Name or Title <aname="B.12"></a>
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## B.12 License name or title <aname="B.12"></a>
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### B.12.1 Purpose <aname="B.12.1"></a>
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Ignore the license name or title for matching purposes, so long as what ignored is the title only and there is no additional substantive text added here. Templates do not include markup for this guideline.
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## B.13 Extraneous Text At the End of a License <aname="B.13"></a>
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## B.13 Extraneous text at the end of a license <aname="B.13"></a>
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### B.13.1 Purpose <aname="B.13.1"></a>
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HTTP:// and HTTPS:// should be considered equivalent. Templates may or may not include markup for this guideline.
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## B.15 SPDX License List <aname="B.15"></a>
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## B.15 SPDX License list <aname="B.15"></a>
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### B.15.1 Template Access <aname="B.15.1"></a>
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### B.15.1 Template access <aname="B.15.1"></a>
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The master files for the SPDX License List includes a spreadsheet listing all the licenses, deprecated licenses, and license exceptions; and the text for each license in a .txt file. These files are available in a Git repository at <https://github.com/spdx/license-list-XML>. Text that can be considered replaceable or omittable for matching purposes is indicated in the .txt file with markup as per the description below.
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RDFa Access: The template text for the license can be accessed using the RDF tag licenseTemplate on the web page containing the license.
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### B.15.2 Template Format <aname="B.15.2"></a>
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### B.15.2 Template format <aname="B.15.2"></a>
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A template is composed of text with zero or more rules embedded in it.
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